Environmental monitoring of water
Environmental monitoring of the environment consists in spatial and temporal observation of the parameters of objects. With the help of such tracking, according to prepared action plans, it is possible to obtain data regarding the current state of ecology, negative changes in characteristics, prediction of consequences caused by the activities of industrial enterprises and other factors. Water resources monitoring is a continuous complex system of analysing water bodies, their timely maintenance, control and accounting.
Objectives of environmental monitoring
The main task of water pollution monitoring is to obtain information necessary for assessment of the object or consideration of the problem related to it. This contributes to the creation of information support of the state water fund management (by the national hydrometeorological service of the Republic of Kazakhstan ‘Kazgidromet’).
Ecological water monitoring includes observation of:
- surface and groundwater;
- condition of the shore and bottom of the resource;
- reservoirs, hydraulic structures, water management/canalisation systems.
In the course of environmental pollution monitoring activities, water discharge and consumption volumes are recorded and wastewater is analysed. The quality of drinking water is especially monitored, which is checked for many characteristics (odour, hardness, turbidity, metals, chlorine, microorganisms).
Environmental monitoring of groundwater
Groundwater analysis is necessary to monitor the status of the contamination level of the aquifer monitored by the company. Environmental monitoring of this type is performed in situations where there is a need to trace the development of any processes in groundwater (to determine the amount of harmful substances that cannot be determined by short-term observation/experience).
Monitoring allows controlling environmental pollution, the operation of an individual water intake, exploited aquifers.
Legislative control bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan
The central executive body of the state control over the use of natural resources is the Ministry of Ecology and Bioresources of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The local administration and specially authorised state body are also responsible for environmental monitoring.
Legislative standards for water and other objects have been developed by the hydrometeorological service ‘Kazgidromet’ (qualitative condition of surface waters and control over transboundary watercourses).
The norms of permissible discharges are prescribed in the Environmental Code.
Development of a project with norms of permissible discharges is mandatory for organisations that discharge water into water bodies.
Norms are established for all pollutants at all points of effluent discharge.
The value of the standards is determined at the level at which compliance with the established quality indicators is ensured (taking into account the anthropogenic background concentration of pollutants).
Discharges into the subsoil are prohibited (exception - injection of treated wastewater into an underground aquifer, the water of which will not be used for balneological, drinking purposes).
Penalties
The amount of fines depends on the type of violation of the use and protection of water resources. For an official - up to 20 monthly calculation index, for a legal entity - from 20 to 100. In case of a serious (irreversible) violation, criminal liability is envisaged.
It is possible to avoid penalties by complying with all norms and rules established by the environmental legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
How the quality of water bodies is monitored in Kazakhstan
Analyses are performed by taking samples and specimens that allow assessing the quality and condition of water, the level of pollution, and the presence of harmful substances. Based on the indicators, scientifically based decisions are made on the effectiveness of the environmental protection measure.
The procedure includes:
- surface facility assessment (taking into account information from analyses carried out in the course of work in the hydrometeorological sphere and related fields);
- monitoring of the condition of the bank/resource bed (including water protection sites);
- groundwater analyses (taking into account the condition of the subsoil on the basis of information from the state survey);
- monitoring of enterprises using water resources in their work, including waste discharges into them.
Metrological support of environmental water monitoring by Promanalit equipment
Promanalit offers a comprehensive solution to ensure effective monitoring of natural resources.
These are: secondary settling tank, biofilter, bioreactor, aftertreatment filters, ultrasound and much more for step-by-step purification of contaminants of any complexity, as well as modern analysers of water, effluents and sewage, operating in automatic mode.
All equipment is manufactured to meet safety standards and technical requirements. These are heavy-duty units for process control in production, environmental installations, emission measurement devices. Specialists will help with the choice of equipment for water quality control, taking into account the activities of the organisation.
All work is carried out on a turnkey basis:
- a comprehensive service - from selection assistance, installation to set-up and post-warranty service;
- experienced staff who know how to design efficient systems with site analysis in mind;
- installation taking into account all safety requirements and regulations.